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The immediate reaction to these attacks was a substantial infusion of funding for public health preparedness and response through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), beginning with the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement with states and the Hospital Preparedness Program 1 This immediate response, though, preceded any overarching public health planning and was followed by our human tendencies to forget: the peak funding for public health emergency preparedness was fiscal year (FY)2002 ($940 million) and for the Hospital Preparedness Program, FY2003 ($515 million), and both have been on a steady decline since 1 During this 2001 through 2020 time frame, we have seen the establishment, then dismantling, of a long list of emergency preparedness and response initiatives, including the Centers for Public Health Preparedness, Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers, and the Preparedness Emergency Response Research Centers 2 The United States seems incapable of keeping memory alive enough to influence the mundane work of maintaining preparedness, even when we fully accept the truth that another event will come The Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century had been convened by the Institute ofMedicine (now, National Academy of Medicine [NAM]) to build on the 1988 report and to \'forecast alternative scenarios for the status of population health in the United States in the coming decade\'4(pxiii) Although the recommendations from The Future of the Public\'s Health in the 21st Century were undoubtedly influenced by the events of 9/11, the short-term and midrange responses to and planning after 9/11 were not a central feature on this report A call to the NAM to lead the planning for reimagining public health is time critical and necessary for us to get the right mix of ingredients to improve the public\'s health
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