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?:abstract
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OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 pandemic has been seriously threatening public health and setting huge economic crises across the world. In absence of specific drugs to COVID-19, there is an urgent need to look for alternative approaches. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances as potential alternative approaches in combating COVID-19. METHODS: This review was based on literature identified using electronic searches in different databases. RESULTS: Vitamins (A, B, C, D and E), minerals (selenium and zinc) and bioactive substances from curcumin, echinacea, propolis, garlic, soybean, green tea, and other polyphenols were identified for having potential roles in interfering with spike glycoproteins, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at the entry site; and inhibiting activities of Papain-Like protease (PLpro), 3 Chymotrypsin-Like protease (3CLpro) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Having immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, such micronutrients and bioactive substances are consequently the promising alterative nutritional approaches to combat COVID-19. CONCLUSION: To put in nutshell, the roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances in COVID-19 are exciting research areas and thus, this review may guide researchers to undertake further studies.
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