hgp4dak

Property	Value
?:abstract	CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) mimicking the function of microbial CpG-dideoxynucleotides containing DNA (CpG-DNA) are potent immune stimuli. The immunostimulatory activity and the species-specific activities of a CpG-ODN depend on its nucleotide sequence properties, including CpG-hexamer motif types, spacing between motifs, nucleotide sequence, and length. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is the cellular receptor for CpG-ODNs in mammalian species, while TLR21 is the receptor in avian species. Mammalian cells lack TLR21, and avian cells lack TLR9; however, both TLRs are expressed in fish cells. While nucleotide sequence properties required for a CpG-ODN to strongly activate mammalian TLR9 and its species-specific activities to different mammalian TLR9s are better studied, CpG-ODN activation of TLR21 is not yet well investigated. Here we characterized chicken and duck TLR21s and investigated their activation by CpG-ODNs. Chicken and duck TLR21s contain 972 and 976 amino acid residues, respectively, and differ from TLR9s as they do not have an undefined region in their ectodomain. Cell-based TLR21 activation assays were established to investigate TLR21 activation by different CpG-ODNs. Unlike grouper TLR21, which was preferentially activated by CpG-ODN with a GTCGTT hexamer motif, chicken and duck TLR21s do not distinguish among different CpG-hexamer motifs. Additionally, these two poultry TLR21s were activated by CpG-ODNs with lengths ranging from 15 to 31 nucleotides and with different spacing between CpG-hexamer motifs. These suggested that compared to mammalian TLR9 and grouper TLR21, chicken and duck TLR21s have a broad CpG-ODN sequence recognition profile. Thus, they could also recognize a wide array of DNA-associated molecular patterns from microbes. Moreover, CpG-ODNs are being investigated as antimicrobial agents and as vaccine adjuvants for different species. This study revealed that there are more optimized CpG-ODNs that can be used in poultry farming as anti-infection agents compared to CpG-ODN choices available for other species.
is ?:annotates of	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C0003204> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C0004793> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C0028630> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C0599651> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C1136254> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C1336763> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C1423633> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_hasAnnotation_C1514562>
?:creator	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/Chuang%2C_Yu-Chen%3B_Tseng%2C_Jen-Chih%3B_Yang%2C_Jing-Xing%3B_Liu%2C_Yi-Ling%3B_Yeh%2C_Da-Wei%3B_Lai%2C_Chao-Yang%3B_Yu%2C_Guann-Yi%3B_Hsu%2C_Li-Chung%3B_Huang%2C_Chun-Ming%3B_Chuang%2C_Tsung-Hsien>
?:doi	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/10.3390/vaccines8040639>
?:doi	10.3390/vaccines8040639
?:externalLink	<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7712946/>
?:journal	Vaccines_(Basel)
?:license	cc-by
?:pdf_json_files	document_parses/pdf_json/0fb9c149d9e93bd411b2785e0d55e51ff041b76b.json
?:pmc_json_files	document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7712946.xml.json
?:pmcid	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/PMC7712946>
?:pmid	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/33147756>
?:pmid	33147756
?:publication_isRelatedTo_Disease	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/COVID-19>
is ?:relation_isRelatedTo_publication of	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_HAS_C0004793_STIMULATES_C0914671> <https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/7hgp4dak_HAS_C0914671_STIMULATES_C1423633>
?:sha_id	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/entity/0fb9c149d9e93bd411b2785e0d55e51ff041b76b>
?:source	PMC
?:title	Toll-Like Receptor 21 of Chicken and Duck Recognize a Broad Array of Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide Sequences
?:type	<https://research.tib.eu/covid-19/vocab/Publication>
?:year	2020-11-02

Property

Value

?:abstract

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) mimicking the function of microbial CpG-dideoxynucleotides containing DNA (CpG-DNA) are potent immune stimuli. The immunostimulatory activity and the species-specific activities of a CpG-ODN depend on its nucleotide sequence properties, including CpG-hexamer motif types, spacing between motifs, nucleotide sequence, and length. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is the cellular receptor for CpG-ODNs in mammalian species, while TLR21 is the receptor in avian species. Mammalian cells lack TLR21, and avian cells lack TLR9; however, both TLRs are expressed in fish cells. While nucleotide sequence properties required for a CpG-ODN to strongly activate mammalian TLR9 and its species-specific activities to different mammalian TLR9s are better studied, CpG-ODN activation of TLR21 is not yet well investigated. Here we characterized chicken and duck TLR21s and investigated their activation by CpG-ODNs. Chicken and duck TLR21s contain 972 and 976 amino acid residues, respectively, and differ from TLR9s as they do not have an undefined region in their ectodomain. Cell-based TLR21 activation assays were established to investigate TLR21 activation by different CpG-ODNs. Unlike grouper TLR21, which was preferentially activated by CpG-ODN with a GTCGTT hexamer motif, chicken and duck TLR21s do not distinguish among different CpG-hexamer motifs. Additionally, these two poultry TLR21s were activated by CpG-ODNs with lengths ranging from 15 to 31 nucleotides and with different spacing between CpG-hexamer motifs. These suggested that compared to mammalian TLR9 and grouper TLR21, chicken and duck TLR21s have a broad CpG-ODN sequence recognition profile. Thus, they could also recognize a wide array of DNA-associated molecular patterns from microbes. Moreover, CpG-ODNs are being investigated as antimicrobial agents and as vaccine adjuvants for different species. This study revealed that there are more optimized CpG-ODNs that can be used in poultry farming as anti-infection agents compared to CpG-ODN choices available for other species.

is ?:annotates of