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  • WHAT: Coma. Coma: a state of prolonged unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused or can only be aroused for short periods. Focal neurological signs, spinal fluid abnormalities, or blood chemistry and toxicology disturbances may also be present. WHY: Coma may be caused by systemic lupus erythematosus or acetylsalicylic acid toxicity, among other causes. HOW: Coma is present when the responses to auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile stimuli are substantially diminished. The evaluation of this condition requires a special type of investigative history, a full physical evaluation, and laboratory studies of the blood and spinal fluid. REFS: Adams, RD: \'Coma and Related Disturbances of Consciousness\'. In Harrison\'s Principles of Internal Medicine (Ch. 22). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
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