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Cardiographs designed to make a graphical record of the movements (pulsations) of the precordium over the left ventricular apex of the heart. These cardiographs include a noninvasive transducer (e.g., piezoelectric pressure) that senses the movement (i.e., vibrations) of the soft tissue enclosed in the intercostal space and a graphical recorder that stores the results as an apex cardiogram. Apex cardiographs are typically used to assess left ventricular function by studying the dynamics of myocardial motion under various pathological conditions.
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