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Endoscopes designed for percutaneous insertion into a joint (e.g., wrist, elbow, knee) for visual examination, biopsy, and treatment of lesions of the articulation, especially during surgical procedures. Arthroscopes usually consist of a rigid outer sheath, a lighting system, and a working channel for catheters and operative devices. Most arthroscopes include a television camera on the distal tip, typically in the form of a microchip (a charge-coupled device [CCD]). The image is electronically transmitted through wires in the endoscope for external processing, display, and recording of video images.
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