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  • Electromechanical goniometers designed for automated measuring of angles; clinical electrogoniometers are intended to measure the angle of displacement (i.e., bending) of a joint (usually from 0 to 180 degrees or more) using electrical gauges and appropriate sensors and transducers. Electrogoniometers may consist of a small-diameter flexible spring with plastic blocks on each end, a strain-gauge mechanism housed inside the spring that changes its electrical resistance proportionally to the change in angle between the longitudinal axes of the end blocks, and an electric meter (i.e., gauge). The end blocks are attached to the limb segments with double-sided adhesive tape. These devices are biaxial, enabling simultaneous measurement of sagittal and frontal plane motions; they are available in various sizes to accommodate different joints (e.g., knee, elbow, shoulder, finger). A variety of potentiometric goniometers are available; they are designed to cause a potentiometer shaft to rotate proportionally to the joint angle being measured. Electrogoniometers are used by rheumatologists and physiotherapists to assess joint function and in the diagnosis and treatment of locomotor system diseases; they are frequently included as a component of gait and/or joint laxity analyzers.
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