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  • Warming/cooling units designed to warm or cool the patient by extracorporeal heat exchange with the patient\'s perfused blood during heart-lung bypass procedures. These units consist of a central device including a cooling system (similar to a household refrigerator), a heating element, and pumps for heating and circulating liquid to a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger controls the blood and/or cardioplegic solution temperature during the entire cardiovascular procedure (e.g., induces hypothermia, warms the blood). Some heart-lung bypass units incorporate both the heat exchanger (which may be disposable) and the heating/cooling unit (i.e., the mixer) as integral parts.
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