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Incubators designed to perform heating and cooling sequences (i.e., thermal cycling) on test samples. The units are self-contained and have a chamber to hold the samples. Water, aluminum blocks, and/or conductive fluids can be used for heating and cooling; other incubators use the Peltier effect. Temperature cycling is typically used in cell culture studies, environmental tests of products and devices, and gene manipulation. Dedicated thermal cyclers intended to perform polymerase chain reaction replication (known as PCR thermal cyclers or thermocyclers) are also available.
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