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Lithotripters that noninvasively disintegrate stones using focused external shock waves. These devices typically consist of a shock-wave generator, an examination/treatment table, an imaging system, and a control console. Shock waves are delivered through a treatment head consisting of an enclosed, water-filled cylinder that protrudes through the treatment table and has a cushion that touches the patient\'s skin. An ellipsoid or acoustic reflector focuses the shock waves at the stone as the waves travel through the water and the patient\'s body. Some older units utilize a water bath instead of an examination/treatment table. Extracorporeal lithotripters are intended for the treatment of urolithiasis (i.e., kidney calculi also known as kidney stones); lithotripters of several different technologies, such as those using electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and spark-gap generators are available. Some extracorporeal lithotripters may be used also to destroy gall stones.
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