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Ophthalmic measuring instruments designed to determine the diameter of the pupil by measuring its response to light stimuli. These instruments may consist of a camera system with light sources to make digital photographs or infrared videography, a microcontroller, and image processing software to image, record, analyze, and display the pupil response to different light stimuli (pupillography). Other pupillometers are handheld instruments that illuminate the eye and magnify the pupil and iris images and superimpose a millimeter ruler on the image so the examiner can read the pupil diameters (known as handheld infrared pupillometers). Pupillometers are used mainly in ocular surgery assessment and in the detection of some disorders or drug or alcohol impairment.
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