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Radiographic/fluoroscopic units usually consisting of two wheeled carts, one supporting the C-arm and the control console and the other holding display monitors and image processing and recording devices. The C-arm stand consists of a curved arm (constructed so that it can perform both linear and rotating motions) with an x-ray tube mounted on one end; x-rays emerging from the patient carry the image information to the input phosphor of an image intensifier or to a flat-panel digital detector on the other end of the arm. Systems with image intensifiers use a video camera (usually a CCD camera) to scan the image and transmit it to a remote display monitor and incorporate an automatic brightness stabilization system. The control console on the C-arm stand is mounted on top of the x-ray generator housing. The typical size of the image intensifier (diameter of the input phosphor) is 23 to 15 cm (9 to 6 inches) in dual mode or 23/15/11 cm (9/6/4.5 inches) in trimode. Some units can save the image displayed on the monitor in digital memory, on a video disk, or in on 8 mm tape that can store several hundred images. Digital memories on C-arms permit such functions as last-image hold and snapshot mode. Mobile radiographic/fluoroscopic units are used for imaging patients who cannot be moved to the radiology department or when patient transport is contraindicated, such as for patients undergoing surgical, orthopedic, critical care, or emergency care procedures.
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