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Measuring instruments designed to measure electric resistivity; a measure of the opposition of a substance to conduct electric charges when a voltage is applied. This parameter is frequently represented by a lowercase rho and typically measured in ohm per meter. Resistivity meters typically consist of electromechanical or more frequently electronic instruments with appropriate leads. Practical instruments usually measure in multiples of ohms (e.g., kilo- or mega-ohm) per meter. Dedicated resistivity meters are used to measure solid materials (either surface or volumetric resistivity) and less frequently liquid resistivity; some are incorporated in testers used in the inspection and/or maintenance of medical devices and other healthcare facility equipment. Combined electronic instruments measuring high electric resistance, resistivity, and/or its inverse, conductivity, are also available.
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