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Instruments designed to cut and remove circular sections of an object or anatomic structure when driven by a rotary force (i.e., torque). Trephines may consist of a manual, handheld instrument with a blade and an integral handle or, more frequently, of detachable blades and a rotary manual or power (e.g., electrical, pneumatic) drill or handpiece. Trephine blades are usually hollow cylinders with a circular-saw-like beveled working edge that may include a coaxial piece at the center for guiding purposes. Dedicated trephines are available for cutting and removing sections of tissue for examination (i.e., biopsy) and for use in surgical procedures of the skull, eyes, and other tissue and organs.
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