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Enclosures that are completely sealed off from the rest of a facility\'s environment and in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled to specific limits but the room is not considered sterile. Clean rooms typically consist of a plastic or metallic room-like structure that includes pre-filters to eliminate gross contamination. They also contain either high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters or ultra-low penetration air (ULPA) filters to provide a filtered air flow inside the enclosure and controls for the humidity, temperature, and air velocity. Clean rooms typically include interlock pass-throughs (frequently with air showers) in the walls that permit the passage of materials, objects, and/or personnel. Some clean rooms are mobile for field or emergency applications Clean rooms are usually classified according to the cleanliness that they provide inside the room (i.e., cleanliness classes); typically the classification is established according to the number of particles bigger than a given size (e.g., 0.5 micron) per cubic foot in classes 1, 10, and up 100,000/ISO classes from 3 to 8). The air flow inside a clean room may be laminar, partially laminar, or turbulent according to the design and the intended use of the clean room. Clean rooms are used in healthcare facilities (e.g., clinical pharmacies, surgery rooms, patient isolation rooms) and in field applications; dedicated clean rooms providing laminar air flow are also available for use in clinical laboratories, biotechnology work, and operating rooms.
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