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Devices designed to send a clearly distinctive signal (e.g., visible, audible) when the value of a physical, physiologic, or other main feature of a patient or device is out of its normal range jeopardizing the health status, equipment functioning, and/or performance of a procedure. These devices typically consist of an independent (e.g., electromechanical, electronic) unit that is connected to sensors (e.g., temperature, gas concentration, position), amplifiers, controls, and visual and/or loud warnings that may be located at the site, at a central station, and/or in other remote location. Alarm devices are not intended for continuous display or accurate measurement of the detected parameters; some other devices (e.g., monitors, recorders, clinical and laboratory equipment) may include alarm systems as an integral part. Alarms used in healthcare facilities include, in addition to common alarms (e.g., fire, smoke, environmental hazards, electric and other equipment failures), dedicated alarms such as those used to warn of failures in vital gas supplies (e.g., central gas systems, oxygen depletion), patient ambulation (e.g., bed and/or chair occupancy), abnormal conditions in clinical procedures (e.g., intravenous infusion), and environmental hazards related to gases and other substances used in healthcare procedures.
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