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Packed chromatography columns in which the stationary phase is chemically bonded to the surface of the silica particles using a silica ester or a silicone polymeric linkage. Depending upon the relative polarities of the stationary and mobile phases, these columns are classified as normal bonded-phase chromatography columns and reverse bonded-phase chromatography columns. Most bonded-phase columns use stainless steel or glass-lined stainless steel tubes of 1 to 6 mm in inner diameter and 5 to 150 cm in length. These columns are used in high-pressure liquid chromatography systems.
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