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Electrophoresis systems designed to perform the electrophoresis procedure in a small-bore (25- to 100-micrometer) fused-silica capillary column (sometimes included in a capillary cassette); sample volumes are typically small (e.g., nanoliter or picoliter samples). These systems typically include high-voltage sources and may include different types of detectors (e.g., optical, conductivity, electrochemical, mass spectroscopy). They have a wide application range, including the performance of capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, and capillary isoelectric focusing; most systems can also perform some techniques unique to capillary electrophoresis systems, such as micellar electrokinetic chromatography (can separate neutral as well as charged solutes) and capillary electrochromatography, which combines the capabilities of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis systems are used for separation of compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, peptides, proteins, DNA restriction fragments; whole cells; and virus particles.
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