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Cardiac catheters designed for sensing and recording heart and great vessel sounds near their origin with little influence from extravascular events. These catheters usually consist of a 4 to 8 Fr single or double lumen plastic tube that includes a sound transducer (e.g., piezoelectric, micromanometric, condenser microphones) attached to its distal tip. Phonocardiographic cardiac catheters are intended to provide information about cardiac contractile state, heart rhythm, and acquired and congenital disorders of the heart and great vessels. Some of these catheters may be also used for recording the renal artery pulse (phonorenogram).
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