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Laboratory blood analyzers that measure the concentration of bilirubin in serum, plasma, and/or whole blood. Most of these analyzers use spectrophotometric methods for measurements. Some of them can measure total bilirubin and direct (water-insoluble) bilirubin. For neonates, direct spectrophotometric determinations can be made because normal pigments have not begun to accumulate; in other patients it is needed to add appropriate reagents to the samples before and during the test. These analyzers are used to determine pathologic or physiologic high bilirubin levels in neonates and measure bilirubin concentration in children and adults to assess hepatic metabolic disorders.
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