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  • Valvuloplasty cardiac catheters that usually consist of a coaxial double-lumen tube with a manually controlled inflatable elliptic balloon (typically 15 to 25 mm section diameter) on their distal tip. Typically, two guide wires are introduced into the heart (e.g., left atrium). Then, one valvuloplasty catheter is advanced over one of the guide wires and positioned across the valve (e.g., mitral valve); a second valvuloplasty catheter is then passed parallel to the first catheter, over the other guide wire. The two valvuloplasty catheters are then inflated simultaneously, until the indentation of the balloon due to the stenotic valve disappears. Double-balloon valvuloplasty is mostly used for nonsurgical dilation of stenotic mitral valves.
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