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Esophageal catheters designed to measure pH, typically near (3 to 5 cm) the lower esophageal sphincter. These catheters usually consist of a thin (5 or 6 Fr) ruled single-lumen plastic (PVC, silicon rubber) tube that includes electrodes appropriate for pH measurements; some multilumen catheters with several sets of intermittent electrodes are designed for pH measurements in different sections along the esophagus and/or the pharynx. Catheters for pH monitoring are inserted through the nostril or less frequently through the mouth; they are externally connected to a recorder. Some of these catheters are appropriate for pH measurements in the stomach and/or duodenum. Catheters for pH monitoring are mostly used to assess gastroesophageal reflux in the pharynx, larynx, and tracheobronchial tree.
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