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  • Perfusion vascular catheters designed for retrograde cerebral perfusion with oxygenated cold blood. These catheters typically consist of a 9 Fr two-lumen tube with several side holes and a balloon attached at its tip. The catheter is inserted into the internal jugular vein (IJV) via a puncture in such a way that the holes remain in the IJV so they can be used for jugular-subclavian junction. The catheter is advanced until the inflation of the balloon at its tip occludes the drainage veins (superior vena cava and azygos vein). These catheters are used for brain protection during profound hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic surgery. Other techniques employing transatrial vena caval cannulae are used for cerebral perfusion.
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