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  • Angioplasty catheters that use energy (e.g., laser, radiofrequency [RF], microwave) to heat a metal cap enclosing the distal tip of the catheter and/or a metal band around the catheter. They are used for thermal compression and ablation of the atheromatous plaque inside the vessels, except for heavily calcified plaque. Tip temperatures can exceed 400 degrees Celsius, allowing plaque to be vaporized, melted, or otherwise reformed. Thermal angioplasty catheters are used mainly to open total occlusions or high-grade stenoses in peripheral arteries; they may also be used to facilitate balloon angioplasty, based on the assumption that RF ablation improves clinical success and reduces the rate of complications and restenosis.
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