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  • Blood gas monitors designed for extracorporeal quasi-continuous measurement and display of the partial pressure of blood gases (i.e., carbon dioxide, oxygen) and pH values in the arteries. These monitors are hard-wired to the patient at the bedside. These monitors typically include a sensor cassette that is inserted in series with the arterial catheter tubing system near the wrist. A bunch of three detectors that combine an optical fiber with a fluorescent dye (fluorescent optodes) at its distal tip is placed inside the sensor cassette. Three optodes are needed: one sensitive to oxygen pressure (pO2), another sensitive to carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), and a third sensitive to pH values. When the measurement is complete, the blood in the cassette and tubing is returned to the patient. Extracorporeal blood gas/pH monitors also include electronic circuitry, a display, and programmable alarms. They are especially useful in patients with respiratory failure (e.g., obstructive lung disease, severe asthma), in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery, and in other patients who cannot tolerate multiple blood draws (e.g., neonates and infants).
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