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Metallic esophageal stents that expand by themselves after deployment, applying a constant radial pressure to the esophageal walls. These devices consist either of compressed metallic stents that open by themselves as soon as they are released or of shape-memory stents manufactured from an alloy combining nickel and titanium (i.e., nitinol) that expands in response to body temperature. Some stents include radiopaque markers for accurate stent positioning. Self-expandable esophageal stents are typically deployed under local anesthetics using endoscopic procedures; they are mostly used to treat stenosis caused by malignant tumors. The stents could also be used for injuries and/or benign diseases.
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