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Burs designed to be held and rotated by a dental handpiece (manual, electric, or pneumatic) to excavate dental and other hard tissue in the oral cavity. These burs typically consist of a shank made of tungsten carbide or, less frequently, steel with a well-differentiated working head (sometimes with bound diamond chips or covered with diamond film) in a variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., round, cylinder, inverted cone, pear) on the distal end; a tapered, notched, or elongated proximal end to fit into the rotary device; and a neck that connects the shank to the working part. Dedicated burs are available for specific periodontal procedures (e.g., impaction, alveolectomy, periapical surgery), and other oral surgery procedures such as reduction of abnormal bone tissues (exostosis and maxillary or mandibular tori). They are usually intended for reuse after sterilization, but disposable (single use) burs are also available.
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