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Implantable prostheses designed to replace the cavity of the shoulder blade (i.e., the glenoid cavity) where the head of the humerus articulates, providing a partial substitution for the shoulder articulation. These prostheses are typically made of two parts: a metal tray with a long stem that is anchored directly in the bone and a plastic (e.g., very high-density polyethylene) cup that forms the socket; they frequently include protrusions on the prostheses that are fitted into holes drilled in the bone surface. The prostheses may be intended for implantation with bone cement or without; prostheses used without bone cement include a fine mesh of holes on the surface where bone grows. Glenoid component shoulder joint prostheses are used in patients who suffer from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteonecrosis. Total shoulder joint prostheses include both the humeral component and the glenoid component.
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