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Implantable prostheses designed to be affixed to the proximal humerus bone, replacing the head of the humerus. These prostheses provide a partial substitution of the shoulder articulation; they typically consist of a ball attached to a stem that can be inserted in the humerus. Humeral component shoulder prostheses are made typically of metal (e.g., cobalt or chromium alloys) or, less frequently, of ceramics, polymers, or a combination of materials; the prostheses may be intended for implantation with or without bone cement. Humeral component shoulder joint prostheses are used in patients who suffer from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, severe fracture of the humerus, or osteonecrosis.
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