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Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia types 1,2, and 3 are a group of autosomal dominant conditions due to loss of function mutation(s) of the CASR, GNA11, and AP2S1 genes, respectively. These genes encode the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, the guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11, and the AP-2 complex subunit sigma. The condition is characterized by inappropriately low urinary calcium excretion and parathyroid hormone concentration in the presence of mild hypercalcemia.
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