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  • Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes play a role. The inflammation causes an increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli leading to bronchospasm/ bronchoconstriction. Clinically, asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough. Characteristic of these episodes is variable airflow limitation; this may resolve or partly reversed either spontaneously or with treatment. Bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction is defined as airflow limitation due to contraction of bronchial smooth muscle; an improvement in airflow in response to bronchodilators is essential for the diagnosis. Bronchospasm, along with airway inflammation, is a contributing factor to airway limitation in asthmatics. \'Aggravated bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction\' and \'paradoxical bronchospasm\' are terms used to describe an unexpected episode of bronchospasm related to inhalation aerosol treatment; its causes can be either the inhalation procedure or irritation due to the aerosol (active or inactive ingredients).
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