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  • Hand prostheses operated by myoelectric power and designed for partial functional and cosmetic replacement of a missing hand. These prostheses are typically external or partially implanted devices that resemble a natural hand and are made of metal (e.g., cobalt-chromium alloys), hard plastics (e.g., polyethylene), carbon fibers, or a combination of materials; they are usually fixed with a socket to the wrist and require some degree of customization. Myoelectric controlled hand prostheses typically incorporate small electrical motors and electrodes within the socket to pick up bioelectrical signals that trigger hand operation as the muscles in the residual limb contract. They may be used alone as a replacement for a lost hand or as the terminal component of a below-the-elbow, above-the-elbow, or total upper limb prosthesis in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents.
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