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Wrist prostheses operated by mechanical power, usually supplied by other parts of the patient body (i.e., body-powered), and designed for partial functional (e.g., rotation, flexion) replacement of the wrist above the wrist articulation. These prostheses typically consist of external devices with a metal ring-shaped mechanism that can provide rotational and flexion movements and locking positions at the distal end to a terminal device (e.g., hand, hook); they can be attached at the proximal end with a socket to the residual limb or to another prosthetic device (i.e., forearm replacement). Mechanically powered wrist prostheses may be externally or patient-actuated; in the most common configuration, the wrist is operated by cables attached to a harness strapped around the shoulders. Movement of the shoulder operates the wrist, providing movement to the terminal device. Wrist component prostheses are available in a great variety of configurations and sizes; they must be used as a component of a below-the-elbow, above-the-elbow, or total upper limb prosthesis in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents.
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