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  • High-intensity electromagnetic stimulators designed to apply electromagnetic flux density to the brain (also known as transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]) and/or the spinal cord. These stimulators typically consist of a electrically powered radiofrequency generator, a control panel, and a probe including an electromagnetic coil; the equipment may include a treatment chair as an integral component. Typically, the stimulator uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to focus induced currents in the brain and modulate cortical functions; the stimuli are applied in trains of multiple pulses per second (i.e., repetitive TMS) with varying characteristics (e.g., single or paired pulses; frequency, strength, and duration of pulses; interval between pulses; mono- or biphasic waveforms). High-intensity electromagnetic stimulators are intended for the treatment of several neurologic (e.g., migraine) and behavioral (e.g., anxiety, depression) disorders; they are also used within the field of neurology and neurophysiology for diagnosis of nerve conduction and nerve velocity in assessment of degenerative nerve diseases.
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