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Pinch test dynamometers designed to measure the force exerted between the thumb and an opposing finger or groupings of fingers when pressed together tightly, using a seated hydraulic system. These dynamometers typically consist of a manual, handheld instrument with a gauge that is usually supported by the therapist during the test and an attachment configured to measure pressure or force between the thumb and the fingers against the hydraulic resistance. The calibrated gauge has one dial and one or more scales to show the measured value of the force (usually in pounds, kilograms, or both); these instruments usually include a second pointer to retain the values of the maximum force reading until reset. The typical testing range on a dual scale is 0 to 20 kilograms (0 to 45 pounds). Hydraulic-type pinch force dynamometers are precision instruments intended mainly for use in physician\'s offices for evaluation of hand trauma and/or for assessment during physical therapy treatments.
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