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Environmental emergency alarms designed to activate audible (i.e., sound) and/or visual warnings when oxygen concentration in a closed environment is below its normal (about 21%) atmospheric value (i.e., oxygen depletion). These devices typically consist of a sensor for continuous assessment of oxygen concentration, electronic circuits to amplify the signal, and visual displays and/or audible warnings that usually initiate an alarm when the concentration of oxygen is between 18% and 19%. Oxygen depletion environmental emergency alarms are intended mainly for use in closed rooms where other gases are manipulated, such as clinical laboratories that perform procedures involving carbon dioxide and/or liquid nitrogen for cryopreservation. Alarms intended to be fixed in a particular room providing only emergency signals locally and alarm systems intended for a complete facility that may also include remote alarms (e.g., police and/or fire stations) are available. These alarms are usually fixed permanently on the walls.
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