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Pumps designed for use in delivering and withdrawing solutions in the vascular system at pre-established accurate flow rates simultaneously and/or sequentially. These pumps typically consist of a syringe pump with a piston mechanism for propelling and withdrawing the infusate (e.g., indocyanine green dye) and/or other solutions. The pumps may deliver and withdraw a relatively small volume of liquids; they are usually intended for pole mounting or tabletop use. Such vascular infusion-withdrawal pumps have been used to inject contrast media and later withdraw blood samples from the vasculature to determine the concentration of the dye; the results are used to determine the value of the cardiac output.
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