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Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3-II proteins (LC3-II) are products of the autophagy-dependent processing of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 family proteins (LC3). During autophagy, LC3 proteins are cleaved by cysteine protease ATG4B to form LC3-I intermediates which are located in the cytoplasm. As autophagy progresses, LC3-I proteins interact with both ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 and ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3. These interactions result in further proteolysis and the conjugation of a phospholipid anchor to form the membrane localized LC3-II.
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