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  • Therapeutic apheresis units primarily designed to automate the removal and replacement (i.e., exchange) of plasma and/or platelets from the blood of a patient. Typically, plasma is collected, abnormal blood cells (e.g., sickle cells) and plasma constituents (e.g., antibodies, toxins) are extracted, and the rest of the blood (with the addition of replacement fluid) is automatically reinfused. The units may also reduce (deplete) platelets in the blood prior to reinfusion. These apheresis units usually consist of a disposable pheresis set (i.e., a tubing set that connects the patient to the apheresis unit); pumps (e.g., rotary peristaltic pumps); a centrifugation chamber or membrane filtration unit; centrifugation bowls; filters; clamps; controls (e.g., centrifuge and pump speed, volume of solution added); alarms; and bubble detectors. Platelet/plasma apheresis units are used to extract abnormal blood cells and plasma constituents\' mainly in patients with autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre and Goodpasture\'s syndromes, Waldenstrom\'s macroglobulinemia, Myasthenia gravis, and in some cases of leukemia; they are also used to deplete platelets in patients with essential thrombocytosis. Most of the units may be used also to perform plasmapheresis and plateletpheresis on healthy blood donors.
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