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  • Trocars designed to puncture the thoracic wall in order to provide access to the heart and the central circulatory system during minimal-access surgical procedures. These instruments typically consist of a manual handheld device with a sharp pyramidal or conical pointed rod at the distal end and a handle at the proximal end. Surgical cardiovascular trocars are usually fitted into a cannula or sleeve; the trocar is used to pierce the skin and the thoracic cavity wall (i.e., percutaneously) and then it is usually removed, leaving the sleeve or cannula in place as a working channel for the introduction of instruments and other devices during surgery. Minimal-access surgery cardiovascular trocars are used to provide access during the performance of cardiothoracic surgery procedures, such as percutaneous valve implantation and coronary interventions.
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