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  • Upper-limb orthoses designed for external modification of the structural and/or functional characteristics of the shoulder joint to provide immobilization and support. These orthoses are usually classified according to the function of the orthoses (e.g., immobilization, functional, therapeutic) and the physical characteristics (e.g., shape, consistency) and/or material used to make the orthosis (metal, plastic, or a combination of these). Shoulder upper-limb orthoses may consist of soft cervical orthoses (e.g., a combination of sleeves and caps) that are intended to provide limited support and stabilization or semi-rigid orthoses that can provide total immobilization of the shoulder joint usually by attaching the orthoses to the user\'s body. Shoulder upper-limb orthoses are intended mainly to provide motion control of the shoulder movements and/or to provide complete immobilization of the shoulder joint; they are also used to avoid pain and/or for rehabilitation after injuries or trauma.
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