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Emergency immobilizers designed for maximum restriction of movements and/or total immobilization of the head and the cervical vertebrae of adults. These immobilizers usually consist of rigid structures (e.g., short boards) with an appropriate size that permits the attachment of the head and the proximal (i.e., cervical) section of the spine of an adult. The board is frequently made of light metallic or hard plastic radiolucent materials. Head/cervical spine immobilizers are frequently attached to whole-body immobilizers (i.e., long backboards) and/or stretchers, providing additional restriction of the body movement. They are mainly used after traumatic injuries, to facilitate safer and easier transportation and/or diagnosis, and ease of access to radiographic procedures. Extrication collars mainly intended for use after vehicle accidents are also available.
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