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  • Myographs designed for recording the variations of the electrical impedance of muscles caused by modifications in the muscle composition as a result of neuromuscular diseases or trauma. These instruments consist of a main unit that includes a multi-frequency RF generator (e.g., from 10 to 300 kHz), a recorder, and a set or array of several surface electrodes that are located along the target muscle and connected to the instrument. Electrical impedance values are determined for each frequency by applying a current across each pair of electrodes and measuring voltage drops; it is possible to determine the impedance in several different planes with respect to the muscle fibers by moving the position of the electrodes. The values of the variations of the impedance and the graphic representation of the impedance versus time (i.e., an impedance myogram) can be obtained using a dedicated software; the results are used to facilitate the assessment of the muscular status during a variety of neuromuscular diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, and focal nerve injuries.
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