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  • Plethysmographs designed for non-invasive measuring and recording data and graphics (i.e., a plethysmogram) of the volume and variations in the volume of the limbs due to the flow of blood based on venous occlusion based on the use of strain-gauge sensors. These devices typically consist of a unit that measures, records, and displays the results (usually in graphic format). They also include compression cuffs, pressure sensors (e.g., mercury in silastic strain-gauges), transducers, and signal amplifiers. The cuffs are inflated gradually to a pre-determined value of pressure until limb volume changes are detected and measured. Lower/upper limb strain-gauge plethysmographs are frequently combined with intra-arterial drug administration, usually into the forearm vasculature, to evaluate blood flow; the technique can also be used in the lower limbs. Venous occlusion plethysmographs are intended to assess vascular physiology and pharmacology local effects on the limb vasculature; some devices include cuffs with appropriate strain gauges for measurements on the hand and/or foot digits and the penis.
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