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Physiologic monitoring systems designed for continuous assessment of the cardiovascular system (CVS) and the response of the CVS to tissue oxygen demands (i.e., perfusion) using non or minimally invasive techniques rather than invasive sensors. These systems typically include instruments and sensors to obtain data of the parameters and a monitor to display the data and/or waveforms needed for the assessment. The systems may use one of a variety of techniques such as: (1) changes of amplitude or phase in the thoracic electrical impedance, (2) radial artery pressure wave analysis, (3) fractional flow reserve, a guide wirebased procedure that can accurately measure blood pressure and flow through a specific part of the coronary artery, and (4) arterial pulse contour analysis. Non and minimally Invasive hemodynamic systems are mainly used in unstable critically ill patients.
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