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Tissue-ablation radiofrequency (RF) therapy systems designed to ablate regions between and around intervertebral disks using percutaneous catheters. These systems consist of: (1) a main unit that includes a dedicated RF generator with output waveform and power controls and also controls to select the type and time of procedure; and (2) one or more applicators (e.g., catheters), typically with needlelike electrodes at the distal tip that are introduced into the tissue between or around the vertebral disks; the proximal end of the applicator can be attached to the generator. Some systems include a manual, handheld manipulator to guide the catheter tip during the procedure. The electrode configuration may be bipolar or monopolar, monopolar operation requires a neutral electrode that is placed on the body surface. Intervertebral ablation RF systems are used for cutting and coagulation of tissue during minimally invasive orthopedic procedures performed on the spine, typically to treat chronic long-term discogenic pain.
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