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Physiologic monitoring systems designed for continuous assessment of the cardiovascular system (CVS) and the response of the CVS to tissue oxygen demands (i.e., perfusion) using invasive sensors (typically a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter). These systems typically include instruments and sensors to obtain data of the parameters and a monitor to display the data and/or waveforms needed for the assessment. The main component of the invasive system is the pulmonary artery catheter that is used to measure parameters such as cardiac output, hemodynamic pressures and volumes, venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), right ventricular injection. Invasive hemodynamic systems are mainly used in unstable critically ill patients.
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