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Nucleic acid replication processors designed to detect and quantify the number of target sequences in a sample using a process in which the sample is partitioned into a large number of individual reactions run in parallel such that each individual reaction contains 0 or 1 amplification targets. The number of positive and negative individual reactions provides a direct measurement of the number of target molecules present in the sample. These incubators include, in addition to a thermocycler, an optic system to monitor fluorescent emission in individual reactions (e.g., CCD camera, mirrors, filters) and a system to partition the master reaction mix into individual reactions. These incubators typically require the use of a fluorescent dye that binds to the polymerase chain reaction products and emits light upon stimulation. Thermal cycles are performed using one of several techniques (e.g., adjusting the temperature in a single block, moving the sample from block to block, using microcapillary tubes and halogen lamps).
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