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In order to control the widespread COVID-19, the government of India had imposed a nationwide lockdown on all non-essential activities from 22 March to 3 May 2020. Daily ambient PM10 , PM2.5 , NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Delhi and Kolkata from 1 March to 3 May period of 2019 and 2020 were collected from different monitoring stations along with meteorological data to study the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient pollutant concentrations. Average ambient concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly decreased (Delhi: 59% and 43% respectively and Kolkata: 49% and 50% respectively) during the lockdown period compared to the same period during 2019 in both cities. Average ambient O3 concentration in Delhi was significantly lower in 2020 (38.5 μg m-3 ) compared to 2019 (44.7 μg m-3 ) during the study period. However, average ambient O3 concentration was significantly higher during 2020 (46.9 μg m-3 ) compared to 2019 (31.4 μg m-3 ) in Kolkata. Effect size analysis of different predictive variables concludes that the lockdown period explains maximum variation in ambient concentrations of PM10 andPM2.5 during 2020 in both cities. However, maximum variation in ambient O3 concentrations in both cities was explained primarily by spatial variation rather than the lockdown period. The study suggests, major policy implementation related to the transport and industrial sectors that aims to address the ambient air pollution problem in India may reduce the ambient particulate matter concentrations, though it may not have a significant effect on other ambient air pollutants such as O3 in major Indian cities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Journal_of_environmental_quality
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Whether COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improved the ambient air quality of the two cities?
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