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INTRODUCTION: In present days scenario of pandemic of COVID 19 the protective reflexes namely Sneeze and Cough have received great importance but not in terms of protection but in terms of spread of infection. The present review tries to bring out the correlation between the physiology of sneeze and cough taking into consideration the various receptors that initiate the two reflexes then correlating it with the formation of expelled droplets and the significance of various aspect of droplets that lead to the spread of infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the compilation of the present review we searched the terms \'Physiology of cough\', \'Physiology of sneeze\', \'droplets\', \'aerosols\' and \'Aerosols in COVID 19\'. The above-mentioned terms were extensively searched on pubmed, google scholar and google search engine and after reviewing the various available material the most significant research has been taken into consideration for this review. CONCLUSION: Through this review we conclude that there are various factors that are responsible for the initiation of sneeze and cough but in case of infection it is mainly the inflammatory reaction that directly stimulates the receptors to produce the reflex outburst of air. As the flow of air during expiration is turbulent it causes damage to the Epithelial Lining Fluid present in the respiratory conduit and also gets admixed with the saliva in the oropharynx and oral cavity and mucus in the nose to form droplets of various sizes. Large droplets Settle close and are responsible for Droplet and Fomite transmission but the smaller droplets remain suspended in air and travel farther distances to cause Airborne transmission. The spread of droplet cloud in sneezing may range to 6m or more as compared to cough hence the concept of 1m to 2m of social distancing does not hold good if the patient is sneezing.
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Infectious_disorders._Drug_targets_(Online)
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Physiology to Disease Transmission of Respiratory Tract Infection: A Narrative Review
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